This viologen derivative is primarily utilized in materials science, particularly for electrochromic applications such as smart windows, displays, and adjustable mirrors, where it exhibits reversible color changes upon application of electric potential due to its redox-active bipyridinium core. Its structure, featuring iodophenyl substituents, makes it suitable for organic electronic devices including organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs), acting as an electron transport material or dopant to enhance charge transfer and device performance. Additionally, it is explored in the synthesis of supramolecular assemblies and coordination polymers, leveraging its ability to form stable complexes with various metal ions. Its unique electronic properties position it as a candidate for research in molecular electronics, sensors, flexible electronics, and nanotechnology.