Used as a reference standard in pharmaceutical and metabolic research to study the biotransformation of flurbiprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It helps in understanding drug metabolism pathways, particularly glucuronidation, which is a major phase II metabolic reaction. Widely applied in analytical methods like LC-MS/MS for quantifying metabolites in biological samples such as plasma, urine, and liver microsomes. Also supports studies on drug-drug interactions and the role of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes in the formation of acyl glucuronide metabolites. Due to the potential reactivity of acyl glucuronides, it is also used in toxicity studies to assess metabolic stability and possible adverse effects linked to reactive metabolite formation.