1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid is primarily used in research and development within the field of biochemistry and pharmacology. It serves as a key reference compound in studies focusing on the metabolism of caffeine and related xanthine derivatives. Researchers utilize it to understand the enzymatic pathways and biological processes involved in the breakdown of these compounds in the human body. Additionally, it is employed in the synthesis of analogs and derivatives for potential therapeutic applications, particularly in exploring its effects on the central nervous system and its potential as a modulator of adenosine receptors. Its role in metabolic studies also aids in the development of diagnostic tools for assessing caffeine metabolism and related disorders.