ABT-333 is a potent and selective inhibitor of the enzyme NS5B polymerase, which plays a critical role in the replication of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). It is primarily used in the development of antiviral therapies targeting HCV genotype 1, one of the most common and difficult-to-treat forms of the virus. As a non-nucleoside inhibitor, ABT-333 binds to an allosteric site on the NS5B enzyme, disrupting viral RNA synthesis and effectively halting viral replication within infected liver cells.

It has been investigated in combination with other antiviral agents, such as ABT-450 and ritonavir, to form a highly effective, interferon-free treatment regimen. This combination therapy has shown high rates of sustained virologic response (SVR), indicating long-term viral clearance in patients after treatment completion. Due to its targeted mechanism and favorable pharmacokinetic profile, ABT-333 contributes to shorter treatment durations, improved tolerability, and reduced side effects compared to older interferon-based therapies.

Its application is mainly in the oral treatment of chronic hepatitis C, particularly in patients without cirrhosis or with mild liver impairment. The compound supports the goal of achieving a functional cure for HCV, reducing the risk of liver damage, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in affected individuals.