Latex beads, carboxylate-modified polystyrene, are widely used in biomedical research and diagnostics. They serve as essential tools in immunoassays, such as ELISA, where they act as solid supports for antibody-antigen interactions, enhancing detection sensitivity. These beads are also employed in flow cytometry for cell sorting and analysis, providing precise and reproducible results. In drug delivery systems, they are utilized to encapsulate and release therapeutic agents in a controlled manner. Additionally, they are used in calibration and standardization of instruments, ensuring accurate measurements in various scientific applications. Their surface carboxyl groups allow for easy conjugation with biomolecules, making them versatile in bioconjugation and protein immobilization studies.