Used in research for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, SCH-619734 acts as a potent and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). By inhibiting this enzyme, it helps increase the levels of active incretin hormones, which enhance insulin release and reduce glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. This mechanism improves glycemic control without causing significant hypoglycemia. It has been studied for its oral bioavailability and long duration of action, making it a candidate for once-daily dosing in antidiabetic therapy.