Veliparib is primarily used in cancer research and treatment, particularly in the context of targeted therapy. It functions as a PARP (poly ADP-ribose polymerase) inhibitor, which makes it effective in treating cancers associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations, such as certain types of breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers. By inhibiting PARP, it prevents cancer cells from repairing their DNA, leading to cell death. Veliparib is often studied in combination with other chemotherapy agents or radiation therapy to enhance its efficacy. Clinical trials have explored its use in various cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer and glioblastoma, to determine its potential in improving patient outcomes. Its application is a significant focus in precision medicine, aiming to tailor treatments based on genetic profiles.