MK-4827, also known as Niraparib, is primarily used in the treatment of certain types of cancer, particularly ovarian cancer. It is a PARP inhibitor, which means it works by blocking the enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). This enzyme helps repair damaged DNA in cells. By inhibiting PARP, the drug prevents cancer cells from repairing their DNA, leading to their death.

Niraparib is often prescribed for patients with recurrent ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who have responded to platinum-based chemotherapy. It is particularly effective in patients with BRCA mutations, as these mutations already impair DNA repair mechanisms, making the cancer cells more susceptible to PARP inhibition.

The drug is taken orally, usually in the form of a capsule, and is part of a maintenance therapy strategy to delay the progression of the disease. It has shown significant promise in extending the progression-free survival in patients with advanced ovarian cancer.

In addition to ovarian cancer, Niraparib is being investigated for its potential use in other types of cancer, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, and small cell lung cancer, where PARP inhibition could offer therapeutic benefits.

Overall, Niraparib represents a significant advancement in targeted cancer therapy, offering hope for patients with specific genetic profiles and cancer types.