RG108 is primarily used in research settings to study epigenetic mechanisms, particularly DNA methylation. It functions as a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, making it a valuable tool for understanding the role of methylation in gene expression and cellular processes. Researchers utilize RG108 to investigate its potential in reprogramming cells, including the induction of pluripotency in somatic cells. Additionally, it is explored in cancer research to assess its ability to reactivate tumor suppressor genes silenced by methylation. Its application extends to neurological studies, where it is used to examine the impact of DNA methylation on brain function and development. Overall, RG108 serves as a critical compound in epigenetic research, aiding in the exploration of therapeutic strategies for various diseases.