Used as a key intermediate in the synthesis of disulfide-containing peptides and proteins, enabling the formation of stable covalent bonds in biochemical research. Employed in the development of crosslinking agents for bioconjugation, aiding in the immobilization of enzymes and antibodies on solid supports. Serves as a building block in the preparation of redox-responsive polymers and smart materials that respond to changes in oxidative environments. Also utilized in the design of drug delivery systems where disulfide linkages allow for controlled release in reducing conditions, such as inside cells. Plays a role in surface functionalization of nanoparticles and biosensors due to its thiol-reactive disulfide group and hydroxyl-mediated anchoring.