| Faster bone–implant integration |
Rabbit femur model – titanium screws whose surface was covalently coated with p-Thr showed significantly higher initial osteoblast attachment (↑22 %), removal-torque, and bone-implant-contact ratios than un-coated screws.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |
p-Thr can be used as a bio-active interface on dental / orthopaedic hardware to shorten healing time and improve long-term stability. |
| Surface chemistry for bone regeneration |
In vitro, pretreating pure-titanium discs with p-Thr created a phosphate-rich layer that increased wettability and promoted calcium-phosphate precipitation, a first step toward hydroxyapatite formation.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |
Shows why p-Thr is being explored as a simple, low-temperature method for functionalising titanium prior to implantation. |
| Guided biomineralisation of hard tissues |
Synthetic polypeptides that incorporate p-Thr residues changed CaCO₃ or CaCO₃/PO₄ crystal habits from ordinary rhombohedra to fibrous, helical or brush-like morphologies, and could control nucleation thresholds in a concentration-dependent manner.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |
p-Thr-rich sequences act as “mineral directors,” a principle now used when designing bone-mimetic scaffolds, bio-inks and remineralising dental coatings. |
| Potential brake on pathological calcification |
Phosphorylated osteopontin fragments that retain p-Thr residues potently inhibited hydroxyapatite growth in vitro, a mechanism believed to help keep soft tissues (vessels, kidneys) free of unwanted mineral deposits.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |
Suggests that p-Thr–containing peptides, or drugs that preserve their phosphorylation, could emerge as anti-calcification therapies in cardiovascular and renal disease. |
| Tool compound for kinase/phosphatase research |
Because p-Thr mimics the natural phosphorylation found on signalling proteins, highly-pure p-Thr is routinely used as a reference substrate in enzymology and assay development.moleculardepot.com |
Indirect benefit: better assays accelerate discovery of drugs that target dysregulated phosphorylation in cancer, neuro-degeneration and metabolic disorders. |
