Used as a key building block in the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) due to its rigid biphenyl core and carboxylic acid functional groups. The fluorine atoms enhance ligand stability and influence pore surface properties, making it valuable in gas storage, separation processes, and catalysis. Also employed in the development of advanced materials for electronic and optical applications because of its electron-withdrawing characteristics and structural rigidity. Its derivatives are explored in pharmaceutical research for designing bioactive compounds with improved metabolic stability.