Used as a key intermediate in the synthesis of organic semiconductors and conjugated polymers for electronic applications such as organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Its rigid aromatic structure and ability to form stable anhydride linkages enhance charge transport properties in polymer backbones. Also employed in the preparation of functional dyes and fluorescent probes due to its electron-deficient character and photostability. Additionally, serves as a building block in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) where it contributes to framework stability and porosity.