Used in organic semiconductor materials due to its electron-deficient aromatic structure, enhancing charge transport in electronic devices. Serves as a building block in the synthesis of conjugated polymers for organic photovoltaics and field-effect transistors. Its rigid planar framework promotes strong π-π stacking, improving material stability and performance. Also employed in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for gas storage or catalysis owing to its ability to chelate metal ions through carboxylic acid groups. Investigated in pharmaceutical intermediates where the thiophene core contributes to bioactivity.