Used as a building block in the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) due to its rigid, planar structure and two carboxylic acid functional groups. Its extended aromatic system enhances π-π stacking interactions, making it valuable in designing fluorescent sensors and optoelectronic materials. Also employed in the development of organic semiconductors and as a linker in supramolecular chemistry for constructing porous materials with high surface areas. Its photophysical properties are exploited in research related to luminescent probes and energy transfer systems.