Used as a key building block in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), enabling the design of porous materials for gas storage, separation, and catalysis. Its rigid linear structure and carboxylic acid groups allow strong coordination with metal ions, forming stable network structures. Also applied in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for optoelectronic devices due to its conjugated backbone that supports electron delocalization. Employed in polymer chemistry to enhance thermal and mechanical properties of polyamides and polyesters. Investigated for use in sensors and proton-conducting membranes owing to its ability to form hydrogen-bonded networks.