Used in the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for gas storage and separation due to its rigid aromatic structure and chlorine functionality that enhances framework stability. Employed in the production of high-performance polymers and polyamides, contributing to improved thermal and chemical resistance. Serves as a building block in the development of flame-retardant materials because of its ability to promote char formation. Also utilized in the preparation of specialty dyes and pigments where its substituted benzene ring influences color and lightfastness properties. Its carboxylic acid groups allow for coordination in catalytic complexes used in selective oxidation reactions.