Used as a key building block in the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) due to its rigid aromatic structure and multiple coordination sites. Its carboxylic acid groups enable strong binding with metal ions, forming porous materials suitable for gas storage, separation, and catalysis. Also employed in the preparation of high-performance polymers, where it contributes thermal stability and structural rigidity. Additionally, finds use in supramolecular chemistry for designing functional assemblies and sensors owing to its predictable binding geometry and extended π-conjugation.