Used as a multidentate ligand in coordination chemistry to form stable complexes with transition metals, particularly in the development of catalytic systems. Its carboxylic acid groups allow for easy anchoring to metal oxide surfaces, making it suitable for applications in dye-sensitized solar cells and photochemical devices. Also employed in the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and supramolecular architectures due to its rigid structure and strong metal-binding ability. Additionally, it serves as a building block in sensors and molecular devices where metal-ligand interactions are essential for function.