Alloxan monohydrate is primarily used in research settings to induce diabetes in experimental animal models. It selectively targets and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, mimicking type 1 diabetes. This allows scientists to study the mechanisms of diabetes, test potential treatments, and explore the effects of the disease on various organs. Additionally, it is utilized in pharmacological studies to evaluate the efficacy of antidiabetic drugs and therapeutic interventions. Its role in oxidative stress research is also significant, as it generates reactive oxygen species, providing insights into cellular damage and antioxidant defense mechanisms.