HBX41108 is primarily utilized in research settings as a selective inhibitor of the enzyme ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7). Its application is significant in the study of cancer biology, as USP7 plays a crucial role in regulating tumor suppressor proteins like p53. By inhibiting USP7, HBX41108 helps researchers investigate the pathways involved in tumor growth and cellular response to DNA damage. This compound is also used to explore potential therapeutic strategies for cancers where USP7 activity is implicated. Additionally, it aids in understanding the broader role of ubiquitination processes in cellular signaling and protein degradation.