Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase plays a crucial role in the pentose phosphate pathway, where it helps generate NADPH, essential for protecting cells against oxidative stress. This enzyme is vital in red blood cells, as it prevents damage from reactive oxygen species, reducing the risk of hemolytic anemia. In medical diagnostics, its deficiency is commonly screened for, especially in populations prone to G6PD deficiency-related conditions. Additionally, it is used in biochemical research to study cellular metabolism and oxidative stress mechanisms. In industrial applications, it is employed in enzymatic assays and biosensors to measure glucose levels or monitor metabolic processes. Its role in maintaining cellular redox balance also makes it a focus in studies related to aging, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.