DHODH-IN-23 is a potent and selective inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), an enzyme involved in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. Its primary application lies in the research of antiviral and anticancer therapies, where suppression of pyrimidine synthesis can inhibit the rapid proliferation of infected or malignant cells. It has shown promising activity in cellular models of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), where cancer cell growth is highly dependent on DHODH function. Additionally, DHODH-IN-23 is used as a tool compound to study mitochondrial metabolism and immune modulation, as DHODH inhibition can affect T-cell activation and inflammatory responses. Its selectivity and potency make it suitable for preclinical studies aiming to understand the therapeutic potential of targeting nucleotide metabolism.