Heptelidic acid is primarily known for its role as a specific inhibitor of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), an enzyme involved in glycolysis. By inhibiting GAPDH, it disrupts the glycolytic pathway, which is crucial for energy production in cells. This property makes it a valuable tool in biochemical research for studying metabolic processes and cellular energy regulation. Additionally, its inhibitory effects have been explored in the context of cancer research, as cancer cells often rely heavily on glycolysis for their energy needs. Researchers use heptelidic acid to investigate potential therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic pathways in cancer cells. It also serves as a useful compound in studying the role of GAPDH in various cellular functions beyond metabolism, such as apoptosis and gene expression.