Picropodophyllotoxin is primarily recognized for its potential in cancer research and therapy. It has shown promising activity in inhibiting the growth of various cancer cells by interfering with cell division and inducing apoptosis. This compound is particularly studied for its ability to target specific signaling pathways, such as the IGF-1R pathway, which is often implicated in tumor development. Additionally, it is explored for its anti-angiogenic properties, which can help in reducing the blood supply to tumors, thereby limiting their growth. Researchers are also investigating its potential in combination therapies to enhance the efficacy of existing cancer treatments. Beyond oncology, it is being studied for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, which could have applications in treating autoimmune diseases and inflammatory conditions.