Amifostine is primarily used as a cytoprotective agent to reduce the toxic effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy in cancer patients. It helps protect healthy cells, particularly in the kidneys, from damage caused by cisplatin, a chemotherapy drug. Additionally, it is used to minimize radiation-induced xerostomia (dry mouth) in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancers. By selectively shielding normal tissues, amifostine allows for higher doses of chemotherapy or radiation to be administered, potentially improving treatment efficacy. It is administered intravenously or subcutaneously, typically before chemotherapy or radiation sessions.