AZD7986 is a potent and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 1 (DPP1), an enzyme involved in the activation of neutrophil serine proteases. It is primarily utilized in medical research for inflammatory respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchiectasis. By inhibiting DPP1, AZD7986 reduces inflammation and tissue damage associated with these conditions. Clinical trials have explored its potential to mitigate disease progression, reduce exacerbations, and improve lung function in patients with chronic inflammatory lung conditions. Its role highlights its significance in developing targeted therapies for complex respiratory disorders.