Balicatib is primarily investigated for its potential therapeutic applications in treating bone-related disorders. It functions as a selective inhibitor of cathepsin K, an enzyme crucial for bone resorption. By inhibiting this enzyme, it helps in reducing bone degradation, making it a promising candidate for managing osteoporosis and other conditions characterized by excessive bone loss. Research has also explored its efficacy in addressing arthritis, as cathepsin K plays a role in cartilage degradation. Clinical trials have been conducted to assess its safety and effectiveness, though further studies are needed to fully establish its therapeutic benefits and potential side effects.