PD146176 (NSC168807) is primarily recognized for its role in research, particularly in the study of cellular processes and signaling pathways. It is known to inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which plays a significant role in inflammation and pain. This makes it a valuable tool in understanding the mechanisms of inflammation and developing potential therapeutic agents for inflammatory diseases. Additionally, its application extends to cancer research, where it is used to explore the relationship between COX-2 activity and tumor growth, providing insights into potential cancer treatment strategies. Its use in laboratory settings helps scientists dissect complex biochemical pathways and evaluate the efficacy of novel compounds targeting COX-2.