Guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) plays a critical role in cellular signaling pathways, particularly in regulating various physiological processes. It is widely used in research to study intracellular signaling mechanisms, especially in the cardiovascular and nervous systems. cGMP is essential for vasodilation, as it mediates the relaxation of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels, making it a key focus in studies related to hypertension and heart disease. In the pharmaceutical industry, cGMP is a target for drugs like sildenafil (Viagra), which enhances its effects to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Additionally, cGMP is involved in visual signal transduction in the retina, making it important for understanding and treating vision disorders. Its applications also extend to studying cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, contributing to cancer research and therapeutic development.