Microcystin-LF is a toxic cyanobacterial compound primarily known for its hepatotoxic effects. It poses significant risks to human and animal health when present in contaminated water supplies, especially during harmful algal blooms. Due to its stability and resistance to degradation, it can persist in aquatic environments, making it a key concern in water quality monitoring. Its presence necessitates advanced water treatment processes such as ozonation, activated carbon filtration, or UV-based methods to ensure safe drinking water. Additionally, Microcystin-LF is used in scientific research as a tool to study protein phosphatase inhibition, helping to elucidate cellular signaling pathways involved in toxicity, apoptosis, and liver disease mechanisms.