Widely used as a near-infrared fluorescent dye in biological imaging and staining. Its strong absorption and emission in the NIR region make it suitable for deep-tissue imaging with minimal background interference. Commonly applied in fluorescence microscopy to track cellular processes and membrane dynamics due to its lipophilic nature, allowing easy penetration into cell membranes. Also used in optoelectronic devices as a photosensitizer and in photodynamic therapy research for targeted cancer cell detection. Stable under physiological conditions, it is often conjugated with biomolecules for targeted labeling and detection in complex biological environments.