Used as a ligand in transition metal catalysis, particularly in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Its electron-rich and sterically bulky structure enhances catalyst stability and activity, improving yields in C–C and C–heteroatom bond formations. Commonly applied in Suzuki, Heck, and Buchwald–Hartwig aminations, especially for challenging substrates where standard ligands fail. The trifluoromethyl groups increase ligand solubility in fluorinated solvents and influence electronic properties, enabling unique selectivity in catalytic cycles.