Used as a corrosion-resistant coating agent in metal surface treatments, especially for aluminum and its alloys. Provides excellent adhesion for paints and coatings by forming a stable, protective layer. Commonly applied in aerospace and automotive industries to enhance durability and resistance to high temperatures and environmental stress. Also utilized in ceramic glazes and refractory materials due to its thermal stability. Shows potential in catalyst support systems and gas separation membranes because of its porous structure and ion-exchange properties.