Used in sensors due to its electrical conductivity changing in response to chemical exposure, especially for detecting gases like ammonia and humidity. Common in biosensors for monitoring glucose and DNA due to biocompatibility.

Applied in anti-corrosion coatings for metals, providing protection through electrochemical stability.

Utilized in supercapacitors and batteries as an electrode material because of its redox activity and conductivity.

Found in actuators and artificial muscles where it expands or contracts with electrical input.

Employed in drug delivery systems that release medication in response to electrical stimuli.

Also used in flexible electronics and conductive inks for printed circuits.

Additionally, used in wastewater treatment because it can absorb and remove certain heavy metals.