Sodium 2-Thiobarbiturate is primarily utilized in biochemical research as a reagent for the determination of urea in blood and urine samples. It reacts with urea in the presence of diacetyl monoxime under acidic conditions to form a colored complex, which can be measured spectrophotometrically. This application is crucial in clinical diagnostics for assessing kidney function and monitoring patients with renal disorders. Additionally, it is employed in the synthesis of thiobarbituric acid derivatives, which are studied for their potential pharmacological properties, including anticonvulsant and sedative effects. Its role in analytical chemistry extends to the detection of lipid peroxidation, where it reacts with malondialdehyde, a byproduct of oxidative stress, to form a measurable chromogen. This makes it valuable in studies related to oxidative damage in biological systems.