Widely used in electrochemical studies as a redox mediator due to its stable and reversible redox properties. It serves as a key component in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) for efficient electron transfer processes. Applied in catalysis for organic transformations, particularly in oxidation reactions. Utilized in photochemical research for studying light-induced electron transfer mechanisms. Acts as a reference compound in spectroscopic and electrochemical analysis for calibration purposes. Employed in the development of molecular electronic devices and sensors due to its well-defined electrochemical behavior.