Dicumarol is primarily used as an anticoagulant to prevent and treat blood clots. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, which are essential for blood coagulation. This makes it effective in managing conditions such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with a risk of stroke. Additionally, it is sometimes used in the prevention of clot formation after certain surgeries or in patients with prosthetic heart valves. Dicumarol requires careful monitoring of blood clotting levels to ensure its efficacy and safety, as improper dosing can lead to bleeding complications.