Methylphenidate is primarily used in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in both children and adults. It helps increase attention and decrease impulsiveness and hyperactivity in patients with ADHD. The medication is also prescribed for the treatment of narcolepsy, a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep. By stimulating the central nervous system, it promotes wakefulness and alertness.

In clinical settings, it is often part of a comprehensive treatment plan that includes psychological, educational, and social measures. The dosage and administration are tailored to the individual’s needs, often starting with a lower dose that is gradually adjusted to achieve the desired effect while minimizing side effects.

Methylphenidate is available in various forms, including immediate-release and extended-release tablets or capsules, allowing for flexibility in dosing schedules to match the patient’s daily routine. It is important for patients to be monitored regularly by healthcare providers to assess the effectiveness of the treatment and to manage any potential side effects or dependency issues.