Used primarily in electroplating processes to provide corrosion resistance and enhance surface hardness of metal parts. Commonly applied in the aerospace, automotive, and machinery industries for coating components that require durable, wear-resistant surfaces. Widely utilized in chromate conversion coatings on aluminum and other metals to improve paint adhesion and protect against oxidation. Serves as an oxidizing agent in various industrial chemical processes and in the production of pigments, dyes, and corrosion inhibitors. Due to high toxicity and environmental concerns, its use is increasingly regulated, prompting development of safer alternatives in many applications.