Used in the tanning of leather due to its ability to cross-link collagen fibers, making the leather more durable and resistant to bacterial attack. It is a key component in chrome tanning, the most common method in the leather industry. Also employed as a mordant in dyeing textiles, helping fix dyes to fabrics for improved colorfastness. In some cases, used in water treatment and as a precursor for catalysts in chemical synthesis. Additionally, finds use in the production of refractory materials and in certain electroplating processes.