Triton X-100 is widely used as a nonionic surfactant in various scientific and industrial applications. In biological research, it is commonly employed to permeabilize cell membranes, allowing for the study of intracellular components without completely disrupting the cell structure. It is also used in protein purification processes to solubilize membrane proteins, making them accessible for analysis.

In the field of diagnostics, Triton X-100 is utilized in immunoassays and histochemistry to enhance antibody penetration and improve staining efficiency. Its ability to reduce surface tension makes it valuable in cleaning and detergent formulations, particularly for removing organic residues from laboratory equipment and industrial surfaces.

Additionally, Triton X-100 finds application in emulsion polymerization, where it acts as a stabilizer to produce uniform polymer particles. Its versatility and effectiveness in disrupting lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions make it a crucial reagent in both research and industrial settings.