Used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy research due to its ability to generate reactive oxygen species under light exposure. Employed in the development of sensors for metal ion detection, especially for transition metals, because of its strong fluorescence and color changes upon binding. Applied in dye-sensitized solar cells to improve light harvesting and electron transfer. Also utilized in catalysis, particularly in oxidation reactions, where it mimics peroxidase enzymes. Its water solubility makes it suitable for biological and environmental applications, including pollutant degradation and antimicrobial treatments.