Widely used as a reducing agent in biochemistry and molecular biology, particularly for breaking disulfide bonds in proteins. Commonly applied in sample preparation for SDS-PAGE to ensure complete reduction of cystine bonds, improving protein separation. Preferred over thiol-based reductants like β-mercaptoethanol due to its lack of odor, higher stability, and selectivity at neutral pH. Also used in peptide synthesis, protein folding studies, and as a component in buffers for maintaining reduced environments. Compatible with a variety of functional groups, making it suitable for use in complex biological systems.