Used as a reducing agent in biochemistry and molecular biology to break disulfide bonds in proteins, helping to denature and solubilize them. Commonly added to protein electrophoresis samples to prevent oxidation and maintain proteins in a reduced state. Also used in cell culture media to support cell growth by reducing oxidative stress. Effective in protecting enzymes and other biomolecules from inactivation due to disulfide bond formation. Frequently employed in RNA isolation procedures to inactivate ribonucleases. Its strong reducing properties make it useful in maintaining a reducing environment in various biochemical assays.