(R)-2-Bromobutanoic acid is primarily used in organic synthesis as a chiral building block. It serves as a key intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals, particularly in the synthesis of enantiomerically pure compounds. The compound is also utilized in the preparation of agrochemicals, where its chiral nature is essential for creating biologically active molecules. Additionally, it finds application in the development of specialty chemicals and fine chemicals, where its bromine atom can be used for further functionalization. Its role in asymmetric synthesis makes it valuable in creating complex molecules with high stereochemical control.