Pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone is primarily utilized in research and medical fields due to its ability to chelate iron. It is particularly effective in treating conditions related to iron overload, such as thalassemia and hemochromatosis, by binding excess iron and facilitating its removal from the body. Additionally, it has shown potential in studies involving oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases, as it can mitigate iron-induced damage in cells. Its application extends to experimental models where iron chelation is necessary to study cellular mechanisms or therapeutic interventions.