Used in solar energy devices as a semiconductor material due to its favorable optical and electrical properties. Commonly applied in thin-film photovoltaic cells for converting sunlight into electricity.

Employed in the production of certain types of sensors, including gas and temperature sensors, because of its sensitivity to environmental changes.

Utilized in electrochemical applications such as batteries and supercapacitors for energy storage.

Also found in some antimicrobial coatings and pigments for industrial applications.

Additionally, used in the mining industry as an indicator for the presence of copper in ores, aiding in the assessment of ore quality before drilling.

Applied in chemical catalysis, particularly in the synthesis of certain organic compounds, where it significantly enhances reaction rates.