Stanozolol is widely used in the medical field to treat hereditary angioedema, a condition that causes episodes of swelling in various body parts. It helps reduce the frequency and severity of these attacks by increasing the levels of certain proteins in the blood that inhibit swelling. Additionally, it is sometimes prescribed to promote weight gain in patients suffering from chronic infections, severe trauma, or surgery recovery, as it can enhance appetite and muscle growth. It is also used in veterinary medicine to aid recovery in animals, particularly dogs and horses, by improving appetite and supporting tissue repair.

Outside of medical use, it is commonly misused in sports and bodybuilding due to its anabolic properties, which can increase muscle mass and improve athletic performance. However, such non-medical use is illegal and poses significant health risks, including liver damage, cardiovascular issues, and hormonal imbalances.