Widely used as a buffering agent in biological and biochemical research due to its effective pH range near physiological conditions. Commonly found in buffer solutions for DNA and RNA electrophoresis, protein purification, cell culture media, and enzyme assays. Its low toxicity and minimal interference with biochemical reactions make it suitable for in vitro and some in vivo applications. Also used in pharmaceutical formulations to maintain stable pH, in some medical treatments for acidosis, and in skincare products to reduce irritation. Additionally, serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of surfactants, detergents, and other organic compounds.